PREPOZITIA Este de trei feluri: - de loc - de miscare - de timp 1. Prepozitia de loc 11127pmp58dxd3r Se foloseste cu verbe statice: to be/to stay/to exist/to stand, etc. in – in, la, pentru spatii mari Ex: I live in Bucharest. at – in, la, pentru spatii reduse Ex: I live at Sinaia. within – in cadrul, pentru suprafete restranse Ex: A lot of words have been said within these walls. mx127p1158dxxd against – rezemat Ex: The man is against the wall. – impotriva Ex: We are against them. on – pe (pozitia pe o suprafata) Ex: The book is on the table. Pentru apropiere: imediata: next to, close to, beside apropiere: near, near by, by Pozitia pe verticala: over – deasupra under – dedesubt (fara raportare la un punct fix) above – deasupra below – dedesubt (cu raportare la un punct fix) Ex: above zero, below the water level underneath – punctul cel mai de jos on top of – punctul cel mai de sus (prin atingere) Ex: The green book is underneath. (este cea mai de jos carte) Pozitia pe orizontala: in front of – in fata behind – in spate (pentru lucruri pentru a indica pozitia) Ex: The tree is in front of the house. after – dupa before – inainte (pentru oameni, pentru a indica ordinea) Ex: I’m before you at the queue. (to queue = a se aseza la coada) between – intre 2 among – printre (mai mult de 2) 2. Prepozitia de miscare se foloseste numai cu verbe de miscare to – la, catre (pp atingerea punctului) Ex: I go to school. towards – la, catre (nu pp atingerea punctului) Ex: I go towards office. Into – in (pp patrunderea intr-un spatiu) Ex: Put the bag into the house. Onto – pe (pp miscarea pe o suprafata orizontala;se pune “on”daca sta)The cat is running onto the floor. along – de-a lungul (pp miscarea pe o suprafata plana si lunga) Ex: I’m walking along the beech. through – prin (pp traversare si patrundere) Ex: I walk through the park. across – traversare (nu si patrundere) Ex: I run across the street. about – prin (arata o miscare nedefinita) Ex: I walk about town (prin oras, fara un tel precis) around – in jurul (pp o miscare circulara) Ex: I dance around the fire. out of – pp iesirea dintr-un volum Ex: Get out of my house. off – pp desprinderea de o suprafata Ex: The plane takes off. up-and-down – in sus si in jos pe un plan vertical Ex: The children run up-and-down the stairs. from – de la, de pe, din Ex: Take it from my bag. past – langa (pp apropierea imediata prin miscare) Ex: I drive past the university (si nu near the university!, pt ca sunt in miscare) 3. Prepozitia de timp in – pentru ani, lunile anului, anotimpuri, perioade ale vietii (in my childhood), in anumite momente ale zilei (in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening) at – pentru ora (at 10 o’clock), in anumite momente ale zilei (at noon, at midday, at midnight, at dusk), pentru varsta (at the age of 15), mesele zilei (at lunch time), cu week-end (at the week-end) si in sarbatori (at Christmas) on – cu zilele saptamanii (on Sunday), data (on the 15th of June) si sarbatorile (on Christmas day – cand este vorba de ziua de Craciun, nu de toata perioada) before si after – inainte si dupa, cu raportare la un punct fix by – nu mai tarziu de Ex: Try to arrive by ten. during – in timpul over – in timpul, dar pe perioade scurte Ex: Read it over the week-end. throughout / althrough – de-a lungul, dar pe o prioada lunga de timp Ex: Althrough the years. Diferentiere intre prepozitii in time on time cu ceva timp inainte la fix in the end at the end finally, in cele din urma la capatul (urmeaza un substantiv) in with pentru ceva cu care esti imbracat pentru o trasatura fizica Ex: A woman in trousers. A woman with long hair. as like pentru rol, functie, pozitie pentru comparatie Ex: I work as a teacher. Ex: I talk like a teacher. (I am a teacher) (I am an engineer) on about in legatura cu, folosit academic despre Ex: Give me a book on Economics. Ex: Let’s talk about sex. due to owing to datorita (doar dupa “to be”) datorita (restul inafara de “to be”) Ex: My success is due to her. Ex: Owing to my work I succeeded. over across pp traversarea peste un obstacol traversare pe jos Ex: I’m over the ocean. (cu avionul) Ex: I’m across the ocean. (cu barca) despite in spite of dupa urmeaza CD (niciodata sub.) dupa urmeaza genitiv Ex: Despite the bad weather I left. Ex: In spite of the bad weather I left. made of – recunosc materialul Ex: made of gold made from – deduc ceva elemente Ex: the cake is made from cocoa made with – recunosc 1 element Ex: a chocolate made with milk (dar laptele nu este elementul de baza) in – in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening at – at dawn, at midnight on – pentru orice moment al zilei atunci cand exista un atribut Ex: In the morning dar On a fine day At night dar On a starry night Pentru mijloace de locomotie by – cu orice mijloc de transport, daca nu este determinat Ex: by car, by bus, by plane (dar on foot!) in – pentru autovehicule, daca sunt determinate Ex: in my father’s car, in the car that you bought me on – pentru toate celelalte in afara de autovehicule daca sunt determinate Ex: on my father’s plane, on the tube/subway/underground
